不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

2022-06-14/ 摩登网/ 查看: 214/ 评论: 10

摘要不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别1、不定式作定语1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系Hewasthelastone

不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
1、不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday．
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat．
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词，如：ability，ambition， effort， failure， opportunity，chance， force， promise， courage，wish等
5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。
6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。

7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如： tend to do---tendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do

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2、分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点：
1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
3）下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义，如departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set等
3、不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

题一： Do you remember those years ______ we spent in the village very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. on which
The Black Friday after Thanksgiving Day is the busiest day of the holiday shopping season, _______ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals.
A. which B. where C. when D. that
答案： C；C
详解：______ we spent in the village very happily是定语从句，其先行词为years。从句中, spent缺少宾语，所以选which。
详解：_______ shoppers line up hours before stores open to get the best deals是定语从句，其先行词为
the busiest day。因为从句缺少时间状语on the busiest day, 所以选when 。

题二： This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. when D. who
His third novel ________ is very popular with readers was written by him in 2006.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
He told me everything ________ he had seen in the traffic accident.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
This is the only book ________ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. as
答案： A；D；B；A
详解：radio为先行词, 其后是定语从句。film在从句中作宾语，而且其前有形容词最高级the best修饰，所以用that。
详解：novel为先行词, 其后是定语从句。 novel在从句中作主语，而且其前有序数词third修饰，所以选that。
详解：everything为先行词, 其后是定语从句。everything在从句中作宾语，所以选that。
详解：book为先行词, 其后是定语从句。book在从句中作find的宾语，而且其前有the only修饰，所以选that。